This scale, used to measure the intensity of X, was named after (1). (1) and (2) created it based on their early work in the field, and it has remained popular.

Even today, we use the same name to describe X. But, in truth, we use a different scale - one that works better at higher magnitude Xs. The new scale was developed by (3) and (4). (3) also happens to share his name with a multiple Oscar winning actor.

Identify X, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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